Plasmids are small circular DNA molecules, most commonly found in bacterial cells (also found in Cyanobacteria and Fungi). They replicate in the cells independently of the chromosomes. The plasmids normally…
A nucleus is the largest cell organelle in a typical cell. Which is a highly organized globular, ellipsoidal, spherical, or disc-shaped protoplasmic body enclosed within the cytoplasm. Robert Brown first…
Dehiscence of the capsule and spore dispersal mechanism is the characteristic features of bryophytes. When the capsule is mature, it degenerates and liberated the spores. Some of the Bryophytes (Riccia,…
The photosynthetic tissues are the chloroplast-bearing cells. These cells are present only in the gametophytic plant body or in the thallus in Riccia and Marchantia. While in other Bryophytes, photosynthetic…
The evolution of sporophyte in Bryophytes have been explained with the help of two theories: one is the Antithetic Theory or Theory of Sterilization and the other one is the…
Jungermanniales is the largest order of class Hepaticopsida in the division Bryophyta. Structure of Gametophyte in Jungermanniales The gametophyte of Jungermanniales is the plant body. The plants are thalloid, except…
Marchantiales is an order of Division Bryophyta (Class Hepaticopsida). Structure of Gametophyte The gametophyte of Marchantiales is the plant body. External Morphology Internal Morphology Sexual Reproductive Structures of Marchantiales Antheridium…
DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) isolation is the process by which DNA is extracted from proteins, membranes, and other cellular materials contained in the cell. In Eukaryotic cells (Human, plant, and animal…
Sterilization is the complete eradication of microorganisms (fungi, bacteria, and viruses) present on the surface of any material. The microorganisms can be removed or destroyed from the definite materials (seeds,…
The Eukaryotic cell is the most advanced type of cell which is present in both animals and plants. Dougherty (1957) has divided cells into two types (based on the organization…