Antibody: Structure, Types, Functions
Antibodies are the proteins produced by the B-lymphocytes in response to the antigen or foreign bodies. Structure of Antibody IgG is the most studied immunoglobulin and serves as a model…
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Antigen: Properties, Structure, Types, Examples
Acquired immunity does not occur unless foreign microbes or toxins enter the body. Each microbe or toxin contains one or more specific chemical substances that play an important role in…
Gnetales: An Overview
Gnetales is an order of the gymnospermic seed plants. This order is composed of three genera- Gnetum, Ephedra, and Welwitschia. Chamberlain (1935) has placed all three genera in a single-family…
Coniferales: An Overview
Coniferales is a group of gymnospermic plants. The members of this group form the common conifers. It includes both fossil and present-day living genera. Coniferales reached their maximum development probably…
Ginkgoales: An Overview
Ginkgoales is a gymnospermic order having one living genus (Ginkgo biloba). The members of this order once had an almost worldwide distribution in the Jurassic period. The fossil members of…