Economic Importance of Fungi
Fungi lack the chlorophyll pigment essential for independent existence. Hence, they must get their food from other living organisms or from dead or decaying organic matter. Economical fungi have great…
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Economic Importance of Bacteria
Bacteria exert both deleterious and benefical effects on human life. Beneficial species liberate fertilizer elements for growing crops, destroy sewage and other wastes, and produce valuable chemicals. Some species are…
Pteridospermales (Cycadofilicales): An Overview
The Pteridospermales or Cycadofilicales are characteristic gymnospermous plants that bore fern-like foliage, which in turn bore seeds that were unprotected. Hence, they are known as seed ferns. Pteridospermales is a…
Bennettitales (Cycadeoidales): An Overview
The Bennettitales (Cycadeoidales) are a fossil group found from the Triassic to the lower Cretaceous, but were predominant in the Jurassic period of the Mesozoic era in South America, North…
Degeneration of Sexuality in Fungi
Sexuality in fungi is diverse and fascinating. In fungi, gradual degeneration of sexuality can be observed. Degeneration of sexuality means functional and structural degeneration of sex organs, leading to the…